Review Article about Transformations of the concept of globalization: Scientific works from the 1990s to the present

Authors

  • Ali Omran Hussein Karbala University / College of Administration and Economics / Iraq
  • Haidar Eidan Kareem Karbala University / College of Administration and Economics / Iraq

Keywords:

social classes, Globalization, witnessed

Abstract

From the 1990s to the present, the term globalization has witnessed rapid developments in various scientific and intellectual fields. Globalization was viewed as an economic process whose primary focus was the integration of global markets and the strengthening of trade. Over time, this view has evolved to include diverse dimensions, including culture, society, and politics. Recent studies have shown that globalization affects not only the economy, but also cultural identity, domestic policies, and international relations. It has also been shown that globalization does not always lead to cultural or economic unification; rather, it can lead to significant disparities between countries and their social classes. This background article demonstrates that it has become a more complex concept intertwined with issues such as multiple identities, immigration policies, and the environment.

References

1-Scholte, J. A. (2000). Globalization: A Critical Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan , p20 .

2-Held, D., McGrew, A., Goldblatt, D., & Perraton, J. (1999). Global Transformations: Politics,

.Economics and Culture. Stanford, University Press

p 6-7

3 -Pieterse, J. N. (2004). Globalization and Culture: Global Mélange. Rowman & Littlefield , p22.

4-Ghemawat, P. (2017). The Laws of Globalization and Business Applications. Cambridge

University Press , p30 .

5-Apaydin, M. (2020). "Globalization after the Pandemic". Technological Forecasting and Social

Change, p6 .

6-Nguyen, P. (2021). "Theoretical reflection on the impact of globalization". Scispace. p4.

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Published

2025-05-19

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Review Article about Transformations of the concept of globalization: Scientific works from the 1990s to the present. (2025). Czech Journal of Multidisciplinary Innovations, 41, 19-21. https://peerianjournal.com/index.php/czjmi/article/view/1143